Adversely, exposure to 5-HT induces inflammatory reactions in colon epithelial cells and the underlying mechanism is associated with Nox2-activated signaling pathways, including ERK/p38 MAPK and NF-B (Regmi et al

Adversely, exposure to 5-HT induces inflammatory reactions in colon epithelial cells and the underlying mechanism is associated with Nox2-activated signaling pathways, including ERK/p38 MAPK and NF-B (Regmi et al., 2014). protein levels ( 0.05). In 5-HTP-chickens, lipopolysaccharide exposure decreased secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations in serum and the duodenal contents. Expression of mRNA encoding interleukin (IL), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), and transforming growth factor- (TGF-) decreased after 5-HTP treatment; however, LPS increased expression significantly in 5-HTP-treated chickens compared with CD chickens. In 5-HTP-chickens, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B) were reduced, but the phosphorylation of ribosomal p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) was increased in the duodenum. Conclusion In summary, the result suggests that dietary 5-HTP supplementation reduces accumulation of abdominal fat and is beneficial to intestinal immune function. spp. around the immune system of broiler Anisodamine chickens (Donato et al., 2015). Therefore, we hypothesized that 5-HTP may play a role in intestinal immune function in chickens. Here, we examined the effect of dietary supplementation of 5-HTP on lipid metabolism and intestinal immune function. The transcriptional level of genes related to lipid synthesis in the liver and abdominal fat pad was decided. The concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and mRNA level of Anisodamine cytokines in the intestinal tract were measured to evaluate the immune function of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged chickens. Materials and Methods The study was approved by Ethics Committee of the Shandong Agricultural University and carried out in accordance with the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals Anisodamine Guidelines and Guiding Directive s for Humane Treatment of Laboratory Animals by the Ministry of Science and Technology (1988a, b). All husbandry practices and euthanasia were performed with full consideration of animal welfare. Animal Management and Sample Collection Two hundred day-old male broilers (Arbor Acres) were obtained from a local hatching farm (Dabao, Taian, China). All the chicks were reared in an environmentally controlled room, and the rearing temperature was maintained at 33C from Day 1 to Day 5 and then gradually reduced, according to normal management practices, to a temperature of 22C. Chickens were reared in floor pens (2 m 2 m) using rice hulls as litter. Each pen was equipped with tube feeders (the feeder space per bird was 2.5 cm) and nipple water-line (12 birds per nipple). The light regimen was 23 L:1 D and the dark period was from 0:00 to 01:00 a.m. (Zhao et al., 2012; Tang et al., 2019). The experiment started from the Day 8 to let all the broiler chicks adapt the rearing environment (Yassin et al., Anisodamine 2009; Yerpes et al., 2020). All the experimental chicks were fed with a corn-soybean basal diet (21% crude protein) until 7 days of age. Thereafter, the chicks were assigned to eight pens of 25 chicks according to body weight. The eight pens of broilers were randomly divided into two groups composed of four pen each and subjected to one of the two following treatments: fed with the basal diet (CD), or the basal diet supplemented with 0.2 kg 5-HTP per 100 kg diet (Donato et al., 2015). The basal diets were formulated according to the growing stage of broilers: the starter diet with 21% crude protein and 12.6 MJ/kg metabolizable energy (ME) IGF1R was fed from 1 to 21 days of age; the grower diet with 19% crude protein and 13.0 MJ ME/kg was fed from 22 to the end of experiment (Table 1; Zhao et al., 2012; Chen et al., 2018). All the broilers had free access to feed Anisodamine and water during the entire experimental period. Body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) were recorded weekly and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. TABLE 1 The composition and nutrient levels of the experimental diets. at 4C for 10 min and stored at ?20C for further analysis. Immediately after the blood sample was obtained, broilers were sacrificed by exsanguination after cervical dislocation (Close et al., 1997; Huang et al., 2015). Liver and abdominal fat pad (fat in abdominal area) were weighed and sampled. All tissue samples were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at ?80C prior to further analysis. LPS Treatment At 35 days of age, four broilers from each pen and 16 chickens in total in each treatment were selected. In each treatment, half of the chickens were received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (1 mg/kg of body weight, derived from.


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